Greenhouse gases refer to the gases in the atmosphere that contribute to the greenhouse effect. The local surface emits infrared radiation. Greenhouse gases can absorb the infrared energy and effectively leave some of the energy in the atmosphere near the earth's surface, causing the temperature to rise. Important greenhouse gases in the atmosphere contains the following several kinds: water (H2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O, also known as the "laughing gas"), ozone (O3), (CFCs), perfluorinated carbide CFCs (PFCs) and hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), chlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6). Although we are not living in the hottest environment in history, the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere caused by human activities has increased, leading to an unusually rapid global temperature rise in recent years. Since the Industrial Revolution, the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has increased dramatically by burning fossil fuels, followed by methane and many man-made gases that are not naturally present, such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCS).

The increase of greenhouse gases, which enhances the greenhouse effect, is not only the main cause of global warming but also a kind of global pollution, which has become the consensus of all countries in the world. Because of this, in order to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, in 1997, launched by the United Nations, the countries all over the world to reach an agreement to sign "Kyoto protocol", be to cut the following six greenhouse gases: carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorinated carbide (PFCs) and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6).

The warming effects of different greenhouse gases to the ability of different, which caused warming effect of these six kinds of gas capacity is strong hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorinated carbide (PFCs) and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6), their warming effect is much bigger than carbon dioxide (CO2), but because carbon dioxide is more, so if the percentage of contribution to global warming, carbon dioxide accounts for the largest proportion of warming effect, is about 55%.

Although compared with carbon dioxide, water vapor is one of the most important greenhouse gas, but does not included in the Kyoto protocol, this is due to the spatial distribution change of water vapor is very big, is unable to accurately grasp its content in the atmosphere, and also there is no evidence that its levels rise due to human factors, so the measures reducing planning, does not leave water vapor body into consideration.

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