Application of stable isotopes
Stable isotopes are not radioactive and have no special protection requirements in the process of separation, synthesis and application of labeled compounds. They are easy to operate, safe to use and non-toxic. They can be directly used in animal and human nutrition, clinical medical research and medical diagnosis and many other fields. At present, deuterium gas (D2), boron 10 (10B) and other few products have been widely used in industrial production. Deuterium gas is mainly produced by electrolysis of heavy water. In addition to deuterium lamps, deuterium reagents, nuclear magnetic resonance and fusion applications, deuterium gas is mainly used in the optical fiber industry to produce low-water peak optical fiber. 10B is used to control the reaction speed of nuclear reactors. It is estimated that deuterium gas and boron 10 are isotopic gas products with high consumption at present. In addition, carbon 13 (13C), nitrogen 15 (15N2), oxygen 18 (18O2) and neon 22 (22Ne) isotopic gas and isotopic compound reagents have been widely used in many studies and analyses.
1. in the field of medicine, stability of isotope products currently has been widely used in clinical research in the field of medicine, a variety of disease diagnosis and identification, a judgment, evaluation of therapeutic effect, viscera function research and development of new drugs, such as PET diagnosis, 13 c - urea breath method to detect helicobacter pylori, tumor therapy (boron neutron capture therapy), drug research, etc.
2. in the field of life science, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS) spectrum research different populations of protein structure, function and so on need stability isotope integration technology, including the method of isotope coded affinity tag (ICATTM), stable isotope labeling amino acids in cell culture technology (SILAC), target protein quantitative analysis method for the absolute (AQUATM), etc. Stable isotopes are introduced into biological macromolecules such as proteins through biological metabolism, enzymolysis or chemistry. The structure diagram of biological macromolecules can be obtained by using molecular biology software after large-scale instrumental analysis.
3. In environmental science, the composition of stable isotopes varies with different environmental conditions, and nitrogen isotopes are a good indicator of pollutants. In the monitoring of ecosystem pollution, the measured 15N value can also be used as an indicator of the degree of environmental pollution in waters. The use of stable isotopic techniques allows ecologists to measure many ecological processes that change at any time without disturbing the natural state of the ecosystem and the nature of the elements. The stable isotope 15N can be used to determine the relative rate of nitrogen obtained by plants through nitrogen fixation or absorption of NH4+ and NO3- in soil. Determine the rate of carbon and nitrogen turnover in soil; Determine the source of N2O (nitrifying bacteria or denitrifying bacteria); Determine the length of the food chain; Determining the sources of air and water pollutants; How to determine the distribution of plants, etc.
4. In the field of analysis and testing, the stable isotope technology plays a unique role in the detection of food, pesticide residues, stimulants and heroin. It is also widely used in geology, geochemistry, paleontology and ecology. Stable isotope labeling compounds can also be used as internal standard for NMR and mass spectrometers.In the laser field, neon isotopes 20Ne, 22Ne and 3He are the key materials for the preparation of he-ne laser. This laser can be used in laser gyro, and laser gyro is a new type of inertial navigation components, it is mainly used in various models, specifications of satellites, aircraft, ships navigation and positioning, orientation system.
5. In the semiconductor industry, the isotope 28Si of silicon has a better crystal structure and improved thermal conductivity, which can be used as the basic material of semiconductor chips to alleviate the temperature rise caused by the reduction of the size of semiconductor chips and the increase of current density. ND3 can be used to make passivated thin layers of silicon nitride and silicon oxynitride. When the diffused portion of deuterium replaces the lost oxygen, deuterium with a heavier meson mass increases the lifetime of a particular transistor.